Multiple Choice Questions:

_____ 1. Approximately how many Africans were forcibly transported to the New World between the 15th and the mid-19th centuries?
a. 100,000
b. 1 milllion
c. 5 million
d. 10-16 million

_____ 2. Before 1820,
a.European immigrants to the New World outnumbered slave imports by a 4 to 1 ratio
b. European immigrants and slaves arrived in roughly equal numbers
c. Slave imports outnumbered European immigration by 4 or 5 to 1

_____ 3. What proportion of slaves forcibly transported to the New World were imported into areas that are now part of the United States?
a. 6 percent
b. 26 percent
c. 50 percent
d. 76 percent

_____ 4. Slaves and free blacks made up what proportion of New York City’s population in the early 18th century?
a. 1 percent
b. 5 percent
c. 10 percent
d. 15 percent

_____ 5. The overwhelming majority of African slaves were brought to the United States between
a. 1607 and 1676
b. 1677 and 1720
c. 1721 and 1780
d. after 1780

______ 6. Slavery in the United States was unique in all but one of the following ways. Select the EXCEPTION.
a. the near balance of the sexes
b. a lower death rate than elsewhere in the Americas
c. greater access to freedom
d.the ability of the slave population to increase its numbers by natural reproduction

_____ 7. The proportion of Southern white families that owned slaves in 1860 was
a. 10 percent
b. 25-30 percent
c. 50 percent
d. 75 percent

_____ 8. In the late antebellum period, approximately how many free blacks owned slaves?
a. fewer than 100
b. 500
c. 1,000
d. 4,000

_____ 9. Approximately how many American slaveowners had more than 50 slaves in 1860?
a. 10,000
b. 50,000
c. 100,000
d. 250,000

_____ 10. When did most of the American slave population convert to Christianity?
a. during the 17th century
b. during the Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s
c. before and during the American Revolution
d. at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th

Part II. True or False

_____ 1. Slavery has always been based on race
_____ 2. Most African slaves were acquired by European raiding parties
_____ 3. Slave labor was inefficient and unproductive
_____ 4. Slavery was incompatible with urban life and factory technology

Part III. Matching
Link the historian with the attitude:

1. Stanley Elkins 2. Eugene Genovese 3. Herbert Gutman 4. U.B. Phillips 5. Frank Tannenbaum 6. Eric Williams 7. Kenneth Stampp 8. Lawrence Levine 9. George Fredrickson 10. John Blassingame 11. Robert Fogel and Stanley Engerman

a. The slave was the beneficiary of a patriarchal but unprofitable system. b.The slave was the maltreated victim of a profitable economic system; slaves resisted masters by working indifferently, breaking tools, running away, and occasionally rebelling. c.The slave was a psychic casualty of an all-embracing repressive system. d. The South was a precapitalist society in which an aristocratic, antibourgeois slaveholding class dominated society and emphasized such values as honor and paternalism. e.Pre-Civil War white southern society was a “herrenvolk” democracy united around the idea of white supremacy. f. In music, dance, song, religion, and folk belief, slaves created a separate, independent life, which fostered a strong sense of community. g.Slave-based agriculture was efficient and profitable and the slaves benefited in many ways because considerate treatment of a valuable capital asset was to the financial advantage of profit-seeking owners. h.Slavery was an economically inefficient institution that impeded the growth of industry, retarded the growth of cities, and inhibited technological innovation. i. The two-parent family predominated under slavery; slave fathers carried out important familial roles; and slave families received support from extended kin networks. j. The slaves created a genuinely African-American culture in which Christian and African elements interacted. k.Compared to British Americans, Latin Americans were less tainted by racial prejudice, were more lenient in their treatment of slaves, and extended religious and legal protections involving families and physical cruelty. l. The slave trade was so disruptive and slavery in the United States was so severe that it shattered cultural ties with Africa. m.Racism was a product of slavery. n.Slavery played an indispensable role in generating the capital that financed the industrial revolution in Europe. o.Slavery was abolished when it no longer paid and capitalism had moved into a new phase. p.Compared to Brazil and the Caribbean, what stands out in the United States is the infrequency of slave revolts.