¾PATHWAYS TO THE PAST¾

The Best U.S. History Teaching Resources on the World Wide Web

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NATIVE AMERICANS BEFORE 1492

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· Ancient Architects of the Mississippi

http://www.cr.nps.gov/aad/feature/

800 years ago the lower Mississippi Delta was home to some of the most highly organized civilizations in the world. There were roads, commerce, and metropolises anchored by awe-inspiring earthen monuments. This National Park Service “virtual tour” allows users to explore the lives of the moundbuilders of the Eastern Woodlands.

· Cahokia Mounds State Historical Site

http://medicine.wustl.edu/~mckinney/cahokia/cahokia.html

This site provides a variety of articles about life in Cahokia, a remarkable urban center that had 20,000-25,000 inhabitants during the 12^th century.

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THREE WORLDS MEET: THE COLONIAL ENCOUNTER OF AFRICANS, EUROPEANS, AND NATIVE AMERICANS

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Native Americans

· A Collection of Annotated Primary Source Materials on Native Americans During the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

http://www.hfac.uh.edu/gl/colonialindians.htm

Introduction: The Historical Pocahontas

Native Americans Discover Europeans

William Wood (1634)

A Gentleman of Elvas (1557)

Joseph Nicolar (1893)

Chrestien Le Clerq (1676)

The Diversity of Native America

Juan de Onate (1599)

Pedro de Castenada (1542)

William Penn (1683)

Pierre de Charlevoix (1761)

Indigenous Customs

Childbirth and Infancy

Adriaen Van der Donck (1655)

John Long (1791)

Waiyautitsa (1922)

Boyhood and Girlhood

Gabriel Sagard (1632)

John Heckewelder (1819)

Charles Eastman (1902)

Cries-for-salmon (1922)

Courtship and Marriage

Chrestien Le Clerq (1676)

Marital Relations and Gender Roles

John Heckewelder (1819)

Gabriel Sagard (1632)

Cultures in Conflict

Introduction: Tecumseh and the Shawnee Prophet

Coexistence and Conflict in the Spanish Southwest

Pedro Naranjo (1680)

Alexander Forbes (1839)

Conflict and Accommodation in the Northwest

Samuel De Champlain (1604)

William Apes (1836)

William Bradford (1636)

Miantonomo (1642)

Edmund Randolph (1675)

Conflict and Cooperation in the Southeast

Powhatan (1609)

Dr. Henry Woodward (1674)

Native Americans and the Great Wars for

Empire

A Speech of the Onnodages & Cajouga

Sachems

(1684)

Ostenaco (1765)

Minavavana (1761)

Pontiac (1763)

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African Americans and the Origins of Colonial Slavery

· A Collection of Primary Sources on Enslavement, the Atlantic Slave Trade, and Colonial American Slavery

"Death's Gwineter Lay His Cold Icy Hands on Me": Enslavement

1. A European slave trader, John Barbot, describes the African slave trade (1682)

2. A Muslim merchant, Ayubah Suleiman Diallo, recalls his capture and enslavement (1733) 3. Olaudah Equiano, an 11-year old Ibo from Nigeria remembers his kidnapping into slavery (1789)

4. Venture Smith relates the story of his kidnapping at the age of six (1798)

"God's A-Gwineter Trouble de Water": The Middle Passage

5. A European slave trader, James Bardot, Jr., describes a shipboard revolt by enslaved Africans (1700)

6. Olaudah Equiano describes the horrors of the Middle Passage (1789)

7. A doctor, Alexander Falconbridge, describes conditions on an English slaver (1788)

"Dere's No Hidin' Place Down Here": Arrival

8. Olaudah Equiano describes his arrival in the New World (1789)

9. An English physician, Alexander Falconbridge, describes the treatment of newly arrived slaves in the West Indies (1788)

· Africans in America: The Terrible Transformation
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/title.html
A companion site to the PBS television documentary “Africans in America,” which explores the history of the Atlantic slave trade and the origins of American slavery during the period 1450-1750. The Narrative describes the history of the period; the Resource Bank provides annotated images, documents, biographies, and commentaries by historians; and a Teacher's Guide helps instructors integrate the materials into their classroom.

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British Settlement during the Seventeenth Century

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· America as a Religious Refuge: The Seventeenth Century

http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/rel01.html

This Library of Congress exhibit looks at the religious persecution in Europe that drove so many to the shores of British North America where these new settlers established colonies often centered on passionate religious convictions;

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New England Colonies

· Caleb Johnson’s Mayflower Web Pages
http://members.aol.com/calebj/mayflower.html
This site contains a history of the Mayflower, representations of the ship, documents related to the ship’s voyage, and information about the passengers’ wills. It also discusses such topics as the lives of women and girls in Plymouth, the “first” Thanksgiving, crime and punishment of crime in the colony, and the life of Tisquantum (Squanto).

· Plimoth-on-Web: Plimoth Plantation’s Web Page
http://www.plimoth.org

This site tells the story of Plymouth Colony from 1620 to 1692. 17th-century Wampanoag Clothing describes and illustrates the clothing worn by the Native Wampanoag in the 17th century. Pilgrim Clothing illustrates the clothing worn by the Pilgrims. Emigration of the Pilgrims tells the story of the Pilgrims, including life in England, their flight into and life in Holland and their emigration to the "New World." The Rising Generation: Children in Plymouth Colony explores childhood in 17th-century New England.

· Puritan and Predestination

http://www.nhc.rtp.nc.us:8080/tserve/eighteen/ekeyinfo/puritan.htm

Historian Christine Leigh Heryman offers a concise history of the Puritians and what they believed.

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The Salem Witch Scare

· Witchcraft in Salem Village

http://www.nhc.rtp.nc.us:8080/tserve/eighteen/ekeyinfo/salemwc.htm

This essay assesses a variety of perspectives on the single most intensively studied event in colonial North American history.

· Salem Witchcraft Hysteria
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/features/97/salem/
A multimedia introduction to events in Salem in 1692 created by the National Geographic.

· The Salem Witchcraft Trials
http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/salem.htm
This site include transcripts of trial records and examinations of six accused witches; arrest warrant of two witches (image and text); petitions of two convicted witches awaiting execution; petitions for compensation, and a decision concerning compensation; and two letters of Gov. William Phips on the execution of justice in Salem.

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Chesapeake Colonies

· Colonial Williamsburg

http://www.history.org

The section Meet the People allows user learn about their struggles and triumphs of early Virginians. In Experience Colonial Life, users explore the trades, politics, and other aspects of 18th-century living. In See the Places, users learn about their history as they tour colonial Virginia. The Colonial Dateline highlights events from 1750-1783. A Historical Glossary identifies important terms, events, and individuals in colonial history. Also available is a biographical study of Captain John Smith that separates the man from myth.

· Jamestown Historic Briefs

http://www.nps.gov/colo/Jthanout/JTBriefs.html

Handouts for teachers, created by the National Park Service, deal with such subjects as John Smith, Pocahontas, comparing Jamestown and Plymouth, the role of women at Jamestown, work, and Bacon’s Rebellion.

· Jamestown Rediscovery
http://www.apva.org/

This site, created by the Association for the Preservation of Virginian Antiquities, provides a brief history of Jamestown, a list of early settlers, and a timeline of events leading up to the settlement of Jamestown.

· Library of Virginia Digital Library Program

http://www.lva.lib.va.us/dlp/

The Digital Library Program has digitized more than 2.2 million original documents, photographs, and maps, and produced more than 80 fully-searchable databases, indexes, and electronic finding aids.

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Middle Colonies

The Middle Colonies as the Birthplace of American Religious Pluralism
http://www.nhc.rtp.nc.us:8080/tserve/eighteen/ekeyinfo/midcol.htm

Historian Patricia U. Bonomi examines the factors that contributed to religious tolerance in the Middle Colonies.

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EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

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