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CRITICAL ISSUES OF AMERICAN HISTORY

An interactive, multimedia history of the United States from the Revolution to the present, sponsored by the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

The American Revolution

 

          Introduction

          Why should we care about the American Revolution?

          Why did the American Revolution take place?

          The road to revolution

          The Revolution begins

          Why did the colonists rebel and the British resist?

          Declaring independence

          Was the revolution justified?

          The Revolutionary War

          How were the colonies able to win independence?

          Who were the Loyalists?

          How revolutionary was the American Revolution?

          Creating new state governments

         

The Critical Period: America in the 1780s

 

          Introduction

          The Articles of Confederation

          The threat of a military coup

          Economic and foreign policy problems

          The tyranny of the majority

          Shays’ Rebellion

 

The U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights

 

          What Americans don’t know about the Constitution

          The oldest written national framework of government

          Was the Constitutional Convention legal?

          The delegates

          Philadelphia in 1787

          The Convention

          Republicanism

          Drafting the Constitution

          Compromises

          Completing a final draft

          The U.S. Constitution and the organization of the national government

          The Constitution and slavery

          Ratifying the Constitution

          The Bill of Rights

          Amending the Constitution

          Why has the Constitution survived? How has the constitutional system changed?

         

          Constitutional Quiz

 

The Founders

 

          A biographical guide

 

The First New Nation

 

            James Thomson Callender, Scandalmonger

          The Formative Decade

          The First National Census

          Challenges Facing the New Nation

          Defining the Presidency

          Alexander Hamilton’s Financial Program

          The Birth of Political Parties

          Years of Crisis

          The Election of 1796

          The Presidency of John Adams

          The Revolution of 1800

          Conclusion

 

Jeffersonian Republicanism

 

          An Affair of Honor

          Jefferson in Power

          War on the Judiciary

          The Louisiana Purchase

          Conspiracies

          The Eagle, the Tiger, and the Shark

          The Embargo of 1807

          A Second War of Independence

          The War of 1812

          The War’s Significance

 

Religion and the Early Republic

 

          Introduction

          The Revolt against Enlightened Religion

          Simple Truth in the Open Air

          Evangelical revivalism

          Enslaved African Americans and religious revivalism

          Religious Ferment

          The Mormons

          American Catholics

          American Jews

          African American Churches

          Religious Freedom and the Founders

          Religion and the U.S. Constitution

         

 

The Struggle for Public Schools

 

          Introduction

          Education in the American Colonies

          Education in the Early Republic

          Schooling in early 19th century America

          Mounting public concern

          Horace Mann

          Should teachers be allowed to use physical punishment?

 

Antislavery

 

          Introduction

          The Rise of antislavery thoughts

          Was the Revolution a missed opportunity to end slavery?

          The impact of the Revolution on slavery

          The decline of antislavery sentiment in the South

          Colonization

          A dead-end on slavery

          Immediate abolition

          Anti-Abolitionist violence

          Who were the abolitionists?

          Division in the antislavery movement

          Black abolitionists

          The Underground Railroad

          The Abolitionists and Violence

 

          Antislavery timeline

 

The Abolitionists

 

          A biographical guide

 

The Origins and Nature of New World Slavery

 

          Slavery in historical perspective

          Defining slavery

          Slavery in the Ancient, Medieval, and Early Modern Worlds
          The newness of New World slavery

          Justifications of slavery

          Slavery in Africa

          The impact of the slave trade on West and Central Africa

          Why Africa?

          Enslavement

          The Middle Passage

          The origins of New World slavery

          Slavery in Colonial North America

          Slavery’s evolution

          The American Revolution and slavery

          Antebellum slavery

          Life under slavery

          Slave labor

          Slave family life

          Slave culture

          American slavery in comparative perspective

          Slave resistance and revolts

          The economics of slavery

          Abolition

 

Westward Expansion

 

          Zorro: Fiction and Fact

          Spanish America

          Impact of the Mexican Revolution

 

          The Donner Party

          Opening the West

          Pathfinders

          Mountain Men

          Trailblazers

          Pioneers

          “Go West…and grow up with the Country”

          Life on the Trail

         

          Manifest Destiny

          The Texas Revolution

          The Texas Question in American Politics

          The U.S.-CanadianBorder

          The Pacific Northwest

          The Mexican War

          The Face of Battle

          War Fever and Antiwar Protests

          Peace

          The War’s Significance

 

          Political Crisis of the 1840s

          The Gold Rush

          Conclusion

 

The Impending Crisis

 

          The Slave Power Conspiracy

          The Crisis of 1850

          Slavery in a Capitalist World

          The Compromise of 1850

          The Fugitive Slave Law

          The Breakdown of the Party System

          The Kansas-Nebraska Act

          Revival of the Slavery Issue

          “Bleeding Kansas” and “Bleeding Sumner”

          The Election of 1856

          The Dred Scott Decision

          The Gathering Storm

          The Lincoln-Douglas Debates

          Harpers Ferry

          Conclusion